ლია მახარაძე: არ არსებობს მსუბუქი ნარკოტიკი – ადამიანი ან ახერხებს ადაპტირდეს გარემოსთან ფხიზელ მდგომარეობაში, ან. . .
Tanamedrove medicina opioidebze damokidebulebas anu opioidur narkomanias ganixilavs rogorc qronikul daavadebas, romelic remisiebiTa (naTeli periodebi) da recidivebiT (gamwvavebebi) mimdinareobs. arsebobs am daavadebis mkurnalobis sxvadasxva meTodi, romlebic or ZiriTad jgufad erTiandeba: narkotikebis gareSe cxovrebaze orientirebuli Terapia da mxardamWeri mkurnaloba anu CanacvlebiTi Terapia.
araoficialuri monacemebiT, wlebia, Cvens qveyanaSi narkodamokidebul pirTa ricxvi 50 000-s aRwevs da maTgan rac ufro meti momxarebeli CaerTveba CanacvlebiT programaSi, miT ufro gamarTlebuli iqneba saxelmwifos narkopolitika CanacvlebiT TerapiasTan mimarTebaSi.
sazogadoebisTvis da, gansakuTrebiT, damokidebuli pirebis ojaxis wevrebisa da axloblebisTvis yvelaze misaRebia mkurnalobis iseTi meTodebi, romlebic Tavidanve orientirebulia narkotikebis miRebis Sewyvetaze. samwuxarod, mravalwlianma saerTaSoriso gamocdilebam aCvena, rom aseTi mkurnalobis efeqtianoba arc ise maRalia.
CanacvlebiTi Terapia pirvelad amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi Semoitanes gasuli saukunis 60-ian wlebSi, amJamad ki farTod aris danergili msoflioSi. am programis farTod gavrcelebas gansakuTrebuli biZgi misca aiv/Sidsis epidemiam, vinaidan aRniSnuli mkurnaloba narkotikebze damokidebul pirebSi inieqciuri gziT aiv/Sidsisa da hepatitebis gavrcelebis SezRudvis erT-erTi ZiriTadi saSualebaa.
saqarTveloSi CanacvlebiTi Terapiis programa pirvelad 2004 wels, globaluri fondis dafinansebiT, ganxorcielda. aRniSnuli programa gankuTvnili iyo ramdenime aTeuli pacientisTvis da srulad finansdeboda globaluri fondis mier. programis efeqtianobidan gamomdinare, garkveuli periodis Semdeg, 2008 wlidan, Cvens qveyanaSi amoqmedda metadoniT CanacvlebiTi Terapiis programa, romelic xorcieldeboda saxelmwifo programis farglebSi Tanadafinansebis principiT (pacientisa da saxelmwifos TanamonawileobiT).
metadoniT CanacvlebiTi Terapiis programa arasodes yofila kerZo programa, misi ganmaxorcielebeli yovelTvis iyo jandacvis saministro. 2017 wlis zafxulidan gauqmda Tanadafinansebis principi da aRniSnuli saxelmwifo programa pacientebisTvis gaxda absoluturad ufaso. amitomac myisierad gaizarda programaSi CarTul beneficiarTa ricxvi da xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom gaizarda ara narkotikebis damwyebi momxmareblebis xarjze, aramed xangrZlivi moxmarebis gamocdilebis mqone im pirebis CarTvis Sedegad, romlebic usaxsrobis gamo aqamde ver sargeblobdnen programiT.
aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom 2017 wlis aprilSi gaixsna `baTumis narkologiisa da fsiqosocialuri reabilitaciis centri~, sadac pacients SesaZlebloba aqvs, TviTdafinansebiT miiRos preparati, romelic metadonze msubuqia da, rogorc narkologma lia maxaraZem gviTxra, xangrZlivmoqmedia. aRniSnul Canacvlebis programaze Cven qalbaton lias vesaubreT. is 2007 wlidan 2017 wlamde baTumSi metadonis Canacvlebis programas xelmZRvanelobda, amJamad ki baTumis
– narkologiisa da fsiqosocialuri reabilitaciis centrSi~ muSaobs. `medicinaSi 1988 wlidan vmuSaob, Tavidan zogadi profilis eqimi viyavi – saswrafo daxmarebis sadgurSi vmuSaobdi. narkologiiT 2001 wlidan davinteresdi. 2007 wlidan metadonis Canacvlebis programas vuwevdi koordinacias. es iyo sapilote programa. saqarTveloSi pirveli regioni viyaviT, qveynis masStabiT ki mesame, manamde dedaqalaqSi ukve moqmedebda 2 centri. Semdeg TandaTan gafarTovda, axla ukve saxelmwifo programaa da sakmaod farToa. 2017 wlidan var kerZo Canacvlebis programaSi baTumis `narkologiisa da fsiqosocialuri reabilitaciis centrSi, – gviTxra lia maxaraZem.
– qalbatono lia, gmadlobT, rom interviuze dagvTanxmdiT. wlebia narkologad muSaobT, statistikurad, wlebis ganmavlobaSi momarTvianobam imata Tu iklo?
– rac narkologiaSi var, Tamamad SemiZlia vTqva, rom centrSi momarTvianoba erTnairia, magram, amis miuxedavad, zogad situacias mainc ver gansazRvrav, upirvelesad imitom, rom Cveni momsaxureba fasiania, pacients unda hqondes gadaxdis unari, rom preparati miiRos. am etapze, 800-ze meti momxmarebeli gvyavs. oRond yoveldRiurad es raodenoba ar dadis – mxolod100-150 pacienti. preparati xangrZlivmoqmedia da iZleva imis saSualebas, rom yovel me-3 dRes miiRo. zogi axerxebs amas da eqimTan SeTanxmebiT dRegamoSvebiT moixmars. amJamad ZiriTadi, rasac centrSi vakeTebT, aris Canacvlebis Terapia, es aris `buprenorfinisa~ da `naloqsonis~ kombinirebuli preparati, gansxvavdeba metadonisgan. es preparati saxelmwifo programis farglebSi ar aris xelmisawvdomi, mxolod im SemTxvevaSi eniSneba pacients, Tu metadonze ukuCveneba eqneba, radgan ufro Zvirad Rirebulia.
– TqvenTan mosuli pacientis vinaoba konfidencialuria?
– saerTod, pacientis vinaoba konfidencialuria, magram saxelmwifo rasac afinansebs, maT angariSi aqvT Casabarebeli, vis, rogor, ramdeni, ranairad Cabarda preparati. Cven es valdebuleba ar gvaqvs. aq mosul pacients eniWeba specialuri kodi da swored daculi monacemiT Segvyavs bazaSi, misi piradi informacia ki inaxeba sxva, sxvebisTvis miuwvdomel, saqaRaldeSi. am informaciis mopoveba mxolod gancxadebis an sasamarTlo gziT SeiZleba.
– qalbatono lia, xSirad saubroben, rom pacientebs adgilze misaRebi abi/preparati Senobis gareT gaaqvT da inieqciis saxiT ikeTeben. ramdenad kontroldeba es procesi?
– Tavidanve aRvniSnav, rom saxelmwifo da arasaxelmwifo programebi regulaciebiT ar gansxvavdeba. ki, iyo periodi, preparati Senobidan gadioda. es ufro kovidpandemiis dros xdeboda, rodesac ramdenime adamianis erT SenobaSi gaCereba ikrZaleboda, dRes ki regulaciebi gamkacrebulia. am etapze, Senobidan preparati mxolod eqimis daniSnulebis safuZvelze gadis. Tu pacienti samedicino dawesebulebaSi mkurnalobs, adgilze mivdivarT da preparats medpersonals vabarebT, magram Tu pacients saxlSi daniSnuli aqvs woliTi reJimi, an Cven migvaqvs an mindobil pirs gadavcemT da isic – erTi dRis dozas. axla warmoidgineT, rogor SeiZleba gavakontroloT, Semdeg preparati ra saxiT miiRo pacientma? Cveni erTaderTi berketia, rodesac TveSi erTxel sisxls abareben da analizSi sxva preparati amouvida, gafrTxileba mivceT. es SeiZleba `quCis~ narkotiki iyos, ganmeorebis SemTxvevaSi, gafrTxilebis Semdeg, komisia iqmneba, romelic msjelobas am pirovnebis programidan gaSvebaze. pacients programidan iSviaTad vuSvebT, radgan Cvengan rom wava, ra bedi eweva, aravin icis. mxolod disciplinas vinc arRvevs, im piris gaSveba gviwevs – Tu wamlis gatana scada, an iCxuba da sxvas cudi magaliTi misca.
– Tqveni centri aris sareabilitacio. garda imisa, rom ase vTqvaT, `lomkas~ uxsniT pacientebs, umcirebT Tu ara preparatis dozas, raTa nel-nela CamoSordnen wamaldamokidebulebas?
– ara, Cven aseTi programa ar gvaqvs. reabilitacia ar gulisxmobs dozebis Semcirebas. saqarTveloSi daSvebulia 4 saxis CanacvlebiTi programa. esenia: xanmokle detoqsikacia, xangrZlivi detoqsikacia, xangrZlivi mxardamWeri Terapia da specialur pirobebSi, stacionarSi preparatis gamoyeneba. Cven vmoqmedebT imis mixedviT, Tu razea orientirebuli pacienti da ra SesaZlebloba aqvs. Tu piri aris orietirebuli narkotikis moxmarebis swrafad Sewyvetaze, maSin mas sqemas vudgenT, dozebs vuklebT. es swrafi klebac, minimum, samTviania, xangrZlivi – 6 Tviani, magram es mainc pacientzea damokidebuli – survili SeiZleba didi hqondes, magram SesaZleblobam ar Seuwyos xeli, an SemdegSi SeiZleba survilic Seecvalos. Tavidanve afiqsirebs pacienti, ra surs. zogi programaze dadis, rom ar daiWiron. CanacvlebiTi Terapia aris narkotikebis moxmarebiT gamowveuli zianis Semcirebis programa, es ar aris detoqsikaciis programa, anu zianis Tavidan acilebis programaa.
– ra asakidan SeiZleba mogmarToT pacientma?
– pacients 18 wlis asakidan SeuZlia mogvmarTos. adre 21 wlidan iyo daSvebuli.
– Tu aris SesaZlebeli, mogmarToT pacientis mSobelma, ojaxis wevrma an meuRlem, rom pirs SeuwyvitoT programiT momsaxureba?
– SeuZlebelia, rom pacienti vinmes TxovniT gavuSvaT, radgan, aseT SemTxvevaSi, mas vtovebT egreT wodebul `lomkaSi~. Cven ojaxis wevrebs vuxsniT, rom es erToblivad, ojaxSi unda gadawyviton da maTi SeTanxmebiT moxdes nel-nela dozis Semcireba Tu programidan gasvla. Cven pacients, vinmes surviliT, riskis qveS, quCaSi ver gavuSvebT.
– gvesmis, rom Znelia da rTulia narkotikisgan Tavis daRweva. ras urCevdiT momaval Taobas, rom am safrTxis winaSe ar dadgnen?
– upirvelesia, ar unda gasinjon aranairi narkotiki. ar arsebobs msubuqi narkotiki, adamiani an axerxebs adaptirdes garemosTan fxizel mdgomareobaSi, an… yovelTvis ar xdeba miCveva, amasac vityvi, magram Tu ar gasinjav, 100 procentiT xar daculi. kanafis momxmarebelTa 30 procenti, cnobilia, rom gadadis ufro mZime narkotikebze. bevrs miaCnia, rom es msubuqi narkotikia da erTjeradad ar gklavs, magram fsiqologiuri aSliloba SeiZleba gamoiwvios. analogiurad, yvela preparats aqvs Tavisi garTuleba. arasdros unda ifiqro, rom xval SeZleb narkotikisgan Tavis daRwevas. es ase ar xdeba. pacientma unda gaiTavisos, rom is ukve wamaldamokidebulia da Tu misgan Tavis daRweva surs, droulad unda mimarTos zomebs.
xatia iaSvili