„ზოგს მიაჩნია, რომ დამსაქმებელი არის ბატონი, ხოლო დასაქმებული – მისი ყმა“…
irma cecxlaZe –
profesiuli kavSirebis aWaris respublikuri gaerTianeba 8 dargobriv organizacias aerTianebs, kerZod, jandacvisa da socialuri uzrunvelyofis, xelovnebisa da masmediis, mSenebelTa, transportis, TviTdasaqmebulTa da komunaluri meurneobis, soflis meurneobisa da sajaro moxeleTa profkavSirebs. mTlianobaSi, profkavSiris wevrTa raodenoba amJamad 6000-mdea da gamudmebiT icvleba. gvesaubreba profesiuli kavSirebis aWaris respublikuri gaerTianebis Tavmjdomare, samarTlis magistri zurab cecxlaZe.
– batono zurab, xalxi fiqrobs, rom profkavSirebi aRar aris aqtualuri da bevri ar erTiandeba. ramdenad marTebulia es Sexeduleba?
– profkavSiri cocxali organizmia, saidanac viRac gadis, an axali wevri emateba. faqtia, rom profkavSiris wevrTa mniSvnelovan zrdas ver mivaRwieT, rac gamowveulia sxvadasxva garemoebiT. kerZod, ar gvaqvs evropuli standartebis sakanonmdeblo baza. miuxedavad imisa, rom 2020 wlis seqtemberSi amoqmedda saqarTvelos Sromis kodeqsSi Setanili cvlilebebi, igi mainc ver pasuxobs im gamowvevebs, rac Cveni qveynis winaSe dgas. aris fundamentaluri sakiTxebi, romelTa gaTvaliswinebasac iTxovda profkavSirebi, kanonproeqtSic iyo asaxuli, magram parlamentSi sakomiteto mosmenebis dros amoiRes teqstidan. veraviTar kritikas ver uZlebs is faqti, rom saqarTveloSi dResac minimaluri xelfasi Seadgens TveSi 20 lars, SevardnaZis 1999 wlis brZanebulebis Sesabamisad. amJamad profkavSirebis winaSe mdgari sirTuleebis mTavari mizezi aris sakanonmdeblo bazis arasrulfasovneba da arasrulyofileba. Tu davakvirdebiT `profesiuli kavSirebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos organul kanons, vnaxavT, rom yvela is ufleba, rac profkavSirebs kanoniT gaaCnia, TiTqmis arafrismTqmelia, im martivi mizezis gamo, rom rigi uflebebis ganxorcieleba, praqtikulad, SeuZlebelia, xolo rigi funqciebis ganxorcieleba saWiroebs sxva organoebis monawileobas. es niSnavs, rom faqtobrivad, profkavSirs raime qmediTi damoukidebeli ufleba ar gaaCnia, romelic Seuqmnis berkets, saTanadod daicvas, zogadad, dasaqmebulTa interesebi da ara mxolod dasaqmebuli profkavSiris wevrTa uflebebi. mxolod procesebSi monawileoba da sazogadoebrivi kontroli ar aris sakmarisi imisaTvis, rom efeqturad davicvaT SromiTi uflebebi. meore mTavar sirTules warmoadgens profesiuli kavSirebis istoriuli warsuli, saidanac jerac ar gaTavisuflebula. sazogadoeba dResac srulad da saTanadod ver aRiqvams mis funqcias da angariSvaldebulebas. ratomRac miaCniaT, rom profkavSirebi aris xelisuflebis danamati, mas damoukideblad arafris gadawyveta ar SeuZlia dasaqmebulebis sasargeblod, sasamarTlo procesebSi da sadavo saqmeebSi warmomadgenlobis garda. dasaqmebulebis udidesi nawili darwmunebulia, rom mis Sromis uflebebs damsaqmebeli ukeTesad daicavs, Tu masTan damTmob poziciaSi da megobrul urTierTobaSi iqneba. sxva SemTxvevaSi damsaqmebels Tu moesurveba, nebismier mizezs mouZebnis samuSaodan gasaTavisufleblad da mas verc kanoni da verc Sromis uflebebis damcavi organizaciebi ver daexmareba. dasaqmebulebs, jerac ver gauTavisebiaT, rom damsaqmebels zustad im xarisxiTa da doziT esaWiroeba igi, rogorc piriqiT. dasaqmebulTa nawils miaCnia, rom damsaqmebeli aris batoni, xolo dasaqmebuli – misi yma da ar unda moWras is toti, romelzedac zis. imasac fiqrobs, damsaqmebeli kvebavs da Tu masTan monur damokidebulebaSi ar iqneba, dakargavs samsaxurs. dasaqmebulTa umetesoba ar aanalizebs, rom damsaqmeblis biznesi da Semosavlebi misive SromiT aris miRebuli da damsaqmeblisTvis Seqmnili dovlaTis Rirebulebis erT procentsac ki ver iRebs, anu imis Tqma minda, rom arsebobs mentaluri problemebi dasaqmebul mosaxleobaSi.
– ra saxis daxmarebis gaweva SeuZlia Tqvens gaerTianebas?
– gaerTianebas SeuZlia sazogadoebrivi monitoringi awarmoos, SromiTi uflebebis darRvevasTan dakavSirebiT, im organizaciebsa da dawesebulebebSi, sadac funqcionirebs pirveladi profkavSiruli organizaciebi, sadac gvyavs profkavSiris wevrebi. vuwevT samarTlebriv daxmarebebs, iuridiuli konsultaciiT dawyebuli, sarCelis SetaniT gagrZelebuli da sasamarTlos sxvadasxva instanciaSi maTi uflebebis dacviT dasrulebuli, anu srul iuridiul daxmarebas vuwevT Cvens wevrebs absoluturad usasyidlod. vexmarebiT sawarmo-dawesebulebebSi arsebul profkavSirul organizaciebs koleqtiuri xelSekrulebebis momzadebasa da gaformebaSi. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, organizebas vukeTebT masobriv gaficvebs, ra drosac saWiroa kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli procedurebis dacva, raTa SemdgomSi damsaqmeblis mxridan gasaCivrebis SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlom ar cnos gaficva ukanonod. masobrivi ganTavisuflebebis SemTxvevaSi warvadgenT Cvens winadadebebs vadebTan da kompensaciebTan dakavSirebiT.
– romeli organizaciis muSakebs daasaxelebdiT, romlebsac daexmareT am bolo dros?
– bolo periodSi gansakuTrebul daxmarebas saWiroeben transportis profkavSirebis wevrebi, romlebic dasaqmebuli arian saxelmwifo municipalur Sps `baTumis avtotransportSi~. avtobusebis mZRolebs xSirad ajarimeben sxvadasxva avtosagzao SemTxvevis gamo, ra drosac nacvlad imisa, rom organizacias hyavdes iuristTa jgufi da daicvas Tavisi TanamSromlebis uflebebi administraciul (sapatrulo policiaSi, municipalur inspeqciaSi) da sasamarTlo organoebSi, piriqiT, xSir SemTxvevaSi, avtosatransporto SemTxvevis gamo, samuSaodan aTavisufleben dasaqmebulebs. aseT dros, dasaqmebulebis momarTvis safuZvelze, saqmeSi verTvebiT aWaris profkavSirebis gaerTianebis iuristebi da maT uflebebs kvalificiurad vicavT administraciul da sasamarTlo organoebSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom es saqmeebi ar warmodgens SromiT davebs, Cven vawarmoebT administraciul saqmeebs sapatrulo policiis mimarT yvela organoSi, vamzadebT administraciul saCivrebs da saCivris daukmayofileblobis SemTxvevaSi, vasaCivrebT sasamarTloSi. mimdinare wlis ganmavlobaSi daaxloebiT oTxi aseTi saqme vawarmoeT, romelTagan ori dasrulda gamarjvebiT, xolo ori saqme ganxilvis procesSia, erTi – sasamarTloSi, erTic -sapatrulo policiaSi.
– rogor dgas Sromis uflebebis dacvis sakiTxi, ra darRvevebs gamoyofdiT am mimarTulebiT?
– bolo periodSi gansakuTrebiT momravlda iseTi saqmeebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia dasaqmebulTa gamosacdeli vadiT samuSaoze ayvanasTan da SemdgomSi samuSaodan maT gaTavisuflebasTan, yovelgvari gafrTxilebisa da kompensaciebis gacemis gareSe. mogexsenebaT, gamosacdeli vada aris damsaqmeblisa da dasaqmebulisaTvis misaRebi da sasurveli meqanizmi, radgan igi saSualebas aZlevs pirvels, Seafasos kandidatis Sesaferisoba TanamdebobisaTvis, meorisaTvis ki SesaZlebloba – Sesabamisi SromiTi xelSekrulebidan da konkretuli samuSaodan gamomdinare, upiratesobaTa da naklovanebaTa dasanaxad. amdenad, gamosacdeli periodi metad efeqturi meqanizmia orive mxridan aradamakmayofilebeli SromiTi urTierTobis Tavidan asacileblad. gamosacdeli vadiT dasaqmebulis ayvanis mTavari mizania, damsaqmebels mieces Sansi, Seafasos dasaqmebulis aucilebeli unar-Cvevebi samuSaos Sesasruleblad. es, ZiriTadad, niSnavs imas, rom mxareebi dasawyisSive Tanxmdebian erTgvar, droSi SezRudul eqsperimentze, romelic saSualebas miscems maT, erTi mxriv, aRiaron an uaryon dasaqmebulis unarebis saTanadooba dakavebul poziciasTan da meore mxriv – samuSaos Sinaarsisa da garemos Sesabamisoba dasaqmebulisaTvis. mTlianobaSi, SeTanxmeba gamosacdel vadaze miznad isaxavs orive mxaris interesebis dacvas imgvarad, rom saSualebas aZlevs maT, Seafason SromiTi xelSekrulebis sikeTeebi. saqarTvelos sinamdvileSi, damsaqmeblis mxridan gamosacdeli vadiT xelSekrulebis gaformebas Tavidanve ar aqvs dasaqmebulis unar-Cvevebis gamovlenis da samuSaosTan Sesabamisobis dadgenis xasiaTi. damsaqmebeli SromiTi xelSekrulebis am formas da kanonis am normas iyenebs imisaTvis, rom dasaqmebulTan SemdgomSi ar gaaformos grZelvadiani an/da uvado xelSekruleba, raTa maTi samuSaodan ganTavisufleba iolad da kompensaciis gadaxdis gareSe SeZlos. damsaqmeblis mizani Tavidanve aris muSaxelis imgvarad gamoyenebis survili, rom maTze ar gavrceldes kompensaciisa da winaswar gafrTxilebis saWiroeba, raTa erTi xelis mosmiT gayaros samsaxuridan TanamSromlebi, Tan ise, rom misi es qmedeba iyos `kanonieri~. damsaqmeblis es moqmedeba aris ukanono moqmedeba kanonieri safariT.
– Sromis kanonmdeblobaSi ra siaxleebia, romelic unda icodes mosaxleobam… SSm pirTaTvis...?
– zogadad, dasaqmebulma kargad unda icodes Sromis xelSekrulebis gaformebis dros am xelSekrulebis dadebamde damsaqmeblis valdebulebebi winasaxelSekrulebo urTierTobebis dros informaciis gacvlis Taobaze, aseve, Sromis anazRaurebis, xelfasisa da danamati gadaxdis wesi, zeganakveTuri samuSaos anazRaurebis wesi, anazRaurebadi da anazRaurebis gareSe Svebulebebis xangrZlioba da Svebulebis micemis wesi, damsaqmeblis da dasaqmebulis mier SromiTi urTierTobis Sewyvetis wesi. mosaxleobis farTo fenebma aucileblad unda icodes Sromis diskriminaciis akrZalvis, gamosacdeli vadisa da staJirebis, orsulobis, mSobiarobisa da bavSvis movlis gamo Svebulebis gacemis wesis, SromiTi urTierTobebis SeCerebisa da Sewyvetis safuZvlebis Sesaxeb. unda icodes kanoniT miniWebuli iseTi uflebebi, rogorebicaa: usafrTxo da jansaRi samuSao garemoTi uzrunvelyofa, gaficvis ufleba, gaerTianebis Tavisufleba. kerZod, dasaqmebuls ufleba aqvs, winaswari nebarTvis gareSe Seqmnas gaerTianeba an/da gaxdes sxva gaerTianebis wevri, sakuTari Sromis uflebebis dacvisaTvis sasamarTlosTvis mimarTvis ufleba da a.S. rac Seexeba SSm pirebs, maTi Sromis uflebebis gansakuTrebulad dacvis mizniT, saqarTvelos Sromis kodeqsSi aisaxa SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis motiviT diskriminaciis akrZalva, rom SSm pirebis mimarT ar unda arsebobdes gansxvavebuli, uaryofiTi midgoma Sromis xelSekrulebis gaformebis dros da/rom unda arsebobdes gansakuTrebuli midgoma, rasac eZaxian gonivruli misadagebis princips, romlis Tanaxmad, sawarmo-dawesebulebebi valdebuli arian, RonisZiebaTa garkveuli sistema SeimuSaon SSm pirebis dasaqmebisaTvis. damsaqmebeli valdebulia SSm pirTa uflebebis dacvis mizniT ganaxorcielos iseTi RonisZiebebi, rom maT hqondeT Tanabari SesaZlebloba dasaqmebis, karieruli winsvlis, kvalifikaciis amaRlebis, profesiuli momzadebis da profesiuli gadamzadebis xelmisawvdomobisaTvis.
– rogor dasrulda kazinos `evoluSen jorjia~ TanamSromlebis gaficva?
– kazinos TanamSromlebis gaficva samarTliania da saWiroebs saxelmwifos mxridan ufro met yuradRebas, vinaidan ikveTeba xsenebuli kompaniis aRviraxsnili qmedebebi sakuTari TanamSromlebis mimarT. amaze, samwuxarod, aranair reagirebas ar axdens saqarTvelos Sromis inspeqcia. faqtobrivad, damsaqmebel kompanias sruli Tavisufleba aqvs miniWebuli Tavis qmedebebSi da Sromis kodeqsis amkrZalavi normebi maTze ar vrceldeba. Sesabamisad, gaficvis procesi usasrulod gaiwela. Cveni monawileoba Semoifargleba solidarobiT da Tanadgomis gamocxadebiT, vinaidan am process xelmZRvanelobs saqarTvelos agrarul meurneobaSi, vaWrobasa da mrewvelobaSi dasaqmebulTa profesiuli kavSiri, romelic qebas imsaxurebs profkavSiris gaficul wevrTa dacvis saqmeSi ukompromiso brZolisaTvis.
– ramdenad xSirad mogmarTaven SromiTi eqspluataciis (trefikingis) gamo?
– trefikingi aris movlena, romelic ramdenime winapirobas moicavs, rom trefikingis faqtad dafiqsirdes. erTi winapiroba aris adamianis muSaoba arasasurvel adgilas imden xans, ramdenic mas ar surs, meore – mas saerTod ar uxdidnen Tanxas, an uxdidnen imaze bevrad naklebs, vidre saqarTvelos Sromis kanonmdeblobiT aris gaTvaliswinebuli. Sromis saerTaSoriso organizaciis ganmartebiT, SromiTi eqspluatacia aris procesi, rodesac adamianebs amuSaveben erovnul Tu saerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobis darRveviT. pirvel rigSi, aq igulisxmeba samuSao dro da anazRaureba, kerZod: dasvenebis dro samuSao periodSi, yovelwliuri anazRaurebadi Svebuleba da Sromis usafrTxo garemo. es aris is sakiTxebi, romelTa daucveloba warmoSobs SromiTi eqspluataciis (trefikingis) pirobebs da/Tu es pirobebi moicavs Sromis uflebebis uxeSad darRvevas, maSin iZulebiTi Sromis mdgomareobas uaxlovdeba, rac TavisTavad aris SromiTi eqspluatacia. xSirad mogvmarTaven SromiTi trefikingis gamo, gansakuTrebiT yovelwliuri anazRaurebadi Svebulebis argadaxdaze, xolo Sromis usafrTxo garemos Seqmna, ZiriTadad, mouwesrigebelia kompaniebSi. yuradRebis miqcevas iwyeben im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki ubeduri SemTxveva moxda. sawarmo-dawesebulebebi cdiloben,. yovelwliuri anazRaurebadi Svebuleba vaWrobis Temad aqcion dasaqmebulebTan. xSir SemTxvevaSi, Tu mixvdnen, rom dasaqmebulebi principulad iTxoven anazRaurebad Svebulebas, sTavazoben 10-dRian fasian Svebulebas, metis moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi emuqrebian samuSaodan daTxovniT. mimdinare wlis ganmavlobaSi aseTi ori SemTxveva gvqonda, erTi exeboda sabiujeto organizacias, meore – kerZo kompanias. orive SemTxveva, saqarTvelos SromiTi inspeqciisTvis mimarTvisa da Semowmebis Semdeg, gadawyda dadebiTad. orive organizacia dajarimda soliduri TanxebiT.
– orsulad myofi qalebisTvis Tu aris siaxleebi Sromis kodeqsis mixedviT?
– kvlav araadekvaturad dabali rCeba dekretuli Svebulebis anazRaureba, rac ver uzrunvelyofs qalisa da bavSvis janmrTelobisa da cxovrebis Sesabamisi pirobebis Seqmnas, aseve, ver axalisebs orive mSoblis mier bavSvis movlis gamo Svebulebis aRebas. mizanSewonili iqneba, Sromis kodeqsSi morigi cvlilebebis SemTxvevaSi, gaiTvaliswinon samarTliani dekretuli Svebulebis anazRaureba, romelic sajaro moxelis anazRaurebis msgavsad, xelfasis sruli odenobiT anazRaurebas gaiTvaliswinebs. am mimarTulebiT siaxle is aris, rom bavSvis movlis gamo, Svebuleba SeiZleba mTlianad an nawilobriv gamoiyenos rogorc bavSvis dedam, aseve mamam, anu kanonSi gaCnda Canaweri amis Taobaze.
– ras daamatebdiT?
– Tanamedrove samyaroSi dasaqmebulis uflebebis dacvas gansakuTrebuli daniSnuleba aqvs, radgan dasaqmebulis uflebrivi mdgomareoba mniSvnelovnad ganapirobebs adamianis uflebebis dacvis dones. dasaqmebis efeqturi politika adamianis sxva uflebebis realizebis garantias qmnis, vinaidan pirovnebis Tavisufali ganviTarebis, keTildReobis zrdis, usafrTxoebisa da Rirseuli cxovrebis Seqmna mxolod Rirseuli Sromis pirobebSia SesaZlebeli, Rirseuli Sroma ki Tavis mxriv, xels uwyobs iseTi amocanebis realizebas, rogorebicaa siRaribis daZleva, saxelmwifos daxmarebaze damokidebulebis Semcireba, normaluri sacxovrebeli pirobebis Seqmna, Tanasworobis uzrunvelyofa, stabiluri da harmoniuli ganviTareba, qalis rolis gaZliereba da Sesabamisad, demografiuli problemebis gadaWra, socialuri samarTlianoba da usafrTxoeba, ganaTlebisa da profesionalizmis ganviTareba da sxva. amitom Tanamedrove demokratiuli saxelmwifos mTavari sazrunavi unda iyos dasaqmebulis uflebebis dasacavad saTanado garemos Seqmna, amavdroulad, iseTi samarTlebrivi regulirebis modelebis SemuSaveba, rac uwyvet reJimSi uzrunvelyofs Tavisufali mewarmeobis ganviTarebas da adamianis sicocxlisa da janmrTelobis garantiebs. mTeli pasuxismgeblobiT vacxadeb, rom qveyanaSi profesiuli kavSirebis rolis gaZlierebis gareSe SeuZlebeli iqneba SromiTi urTierTobebis Tanamedrove standartebis damkvidreba. evropasTan asocirebis xelSekrulebis erT-erT ZiriTad moTxovnas warmoadgens profesiuli kavSirebis rolis gaZliereba SromiT urTierTobebSi, rac, upirveles yovlisa, erovnul kanonmdeblobaSi unda aisaxos. samwuxarod, dRes erovnuli kanonmdebloba srulad aris daclili, SromiTi urTierTobebis mowesrigebis TvalsazrisiT, profesiuli kavSiris rolisagan. samwuxaroa, rom ar iTvaliswineben profesiuli kavSirebis rekomendaciebs, rac uaRresad damazianebelia qveynisaTvis.