ენერგორესურსები – სახელმწიფოებზე ზემოქმედების მთავარი იარაღი

ლაშა ხომერიკი 593 50 82 69 –

energoresursebi rom mZlavri iaraRia, cnobili faqtia. cxadia, rom msoflios geopolitikas ekonomikuri resursebi da interesebi ganapirobebs da maTgan umTavresi energoresursebia. am mxriv gansakuTrebuli pozicia uWiravs ruseTs, amitomac ismis kiTxvebi: ramdenad damokidebulia evropa rusul gazze? ras upirispirebs dasavleTi kremlis ganzraxvas – gaafarToos gavlenis sferoebi? namaxvanis proeqtis dablokva ras uqadis qveyanas da Tu hesebi ar aSendeba, qveyana ra safrTxis winaSe aRmoCndeba?
am sakiTxebze baTumis saxelmwifo universitetis profesori, ekonomikis eqsperti murman cecxlaZe gvesaubreba.
– cnobilia, rom ruseTi aqtiurad iyenebs energoresursebs sxvadasxva qveyanaze zegavlenis mosaxdenad, ramdenad damokidebulia evropa rusul gazze?
– amJamad ruseTis uaxlesi energostrategia, ZiriTadad, iTvaliswinebs: globalur energobazarze ruseTis saeqsporto poziciebis gamagrebas, saeqsporto saSualebebis diversifikacias, ruseTis geostrategiuli da geologiuri SesaZleblobebis maqsimalur gamoyenebas, mezobel saxelmwifoTa energoresursebsa da infrastruqturaze kontrolis mopovebas da mezobeli qveynebis energoresursebis eqsportisTvis ruseTis satranzito qveynad qcevas. misTvis gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania evropis energodamokidebulebis zrda. 2020 wlidan, civi omis dasrulebidan TiTqmis 30 wlis Semdeg, rusuli Zalaufleba sakmaod gaZlierda. baSar al-asadis gadarCenam didi STabeWdileba moaxdina arab liderebze. ruseTma saudis arabeTTan muSaobiT kidev ufro gaaZliera Tavis gavlena. isini gegmavdnen gaerTianebas, raTa ukeT daecvaT OPE-is mier miRweuli SeTanxmebebi, Tumca, maTi interesebi gaiyo, rodesac martis dasawyisSi OPE-is Sexvedraze gaCnda azri, rom radgan globaluri pandemiis gamo Semcirda moTxovna, amoeRoT 1 milioni bareli navTobi bazridan. saudis arabeTis poziciidan es sruliad gonivrulad Canda, magram rusebma es uaryves da ganacxades, rom surdaT, rac SeiZleba meti mogeba mieRoT manam, sanam koronavirusi daxuravda globalur ekonomikas. rusuli pozicia SiSs aCenda gaerTianebaSi, rom razec unda SeTanxmebuliyvnen moskovTan, ruseTs kvlav eqneboda motyuebis motivi, rac Zirs uTxrida saudis arabeTis Semosavalsa da bazris wils. miuxedavad ruseTis mcdelobebisa, rom daebrunebina wevrebi molaparakebis magidasTan, sabolood, iZulebuli gaxda ganecxadebina, rom gauZlebda navTobis dabal fasebs, xolo saudis arabeTma globalur bazarze sakuTari wilis gasazrdelad navTobis fasi Seamcira da warmoebis gazrda daaanonsa, ris Semdegac globalur bazarze navTobis fasebi 30%-iT daeca. Sedegad – fasebis yvelaze rekorduli vardnis momswreni gavxdiT 1991 wlis sparseTis yuris omis Semdeg. OPE-is me-15 Sexvedraze 2021 wlis 1 aprils ministrebma madlierebiT aRniSnes saudis arabeTis gonivruli politikis mniSvneloba. dadebiTad Seafases agreTve saudis arabeTis iniciativebi ekologiis dacvasTan dakavSirebiT. rogorc vxedavT, navTobis bazarze ruseTis didi zegavlenis miuxedavad, wamyvan pozicias mainc saudis arabeTi ikavebs. 2001 wels gamoqveynda statia saxelwodebiT sadac ruseTi ganxiluli iyo rogorc XXI saukunis energetikuli superZala, Tumca Tvlidnen, rom es moxdeboda ara uaxloes momavalSi da ara navTobiT, aramed bunebrivi gaziT. Tumca, 2021 wlis monacemebiT, 2019 wlidan moyolebuli aSS dawinaurda am sferoSic. miuxedavad amisa, evropis rusul gazze damokidebuleba jerjerobiT mainc mniSvnelovania, ukanaskneli cnobebiT, magaliTad, germaniaSi gazis maragi 103 mln kbm-dan 67 mln kbm-mde Semcirda, rac, faqtobrivad, evropis maragia da amaSi ruseTis xels xedaven, Tumca angela merkeli acxadebs, rom ruseTi patiosnad asrulebs SeTanxmebis pirobebs.
– dasavleTi alternatiul energoresursebze amyarebs imeds. mainc, romeli proeqtebis imedi aqvT?
– ruseTze energodamokidebulebis SemcirebisTvis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani iaraRia msoflios da gansakuTrebiT evropis ganaxlebad energoresursebze (wylis, talRebis, mzis, qaris, geoTermuli, biomasis) gadasvla. am mimarTulebiT tardeba kvlevebi, vlindeba axali SesaZleblobebi, inergeba teqnologiebi. msoflios pirveladi energiis momaragebis daaxloebiT mexuTedi ukve modis ganaxlebadi wyaroebidan, rogoricaa qari, mzis, hidro da geoTermuli. savaraudod, es seqtori gaagrZelebs zrdas 2,6%-iT yovelwliurad 2040 wlamde. magaliTad, did britaneTSi bolo 12 Tvis ganmavlobaSi eleqtroenergiis qselSi 12 gvt-ze meti mzis energia daemata. mTel msoflioSi mzis energiis warmoebis raodenoba gasul wels 50%-iT gaizarda. dResdReobiT msoflioSi funqcionirebs zRvis talRebis ori sadguri – safrangeTsa da kanadaSi. aseve kargi potenciali aqvT inglissa da ruseTs, sadac eqsperimentuli sadguri funqcionirebs. qaris energiis gamoyenabaSi mniSvnelovan warmatebas miaRwia daniam, romelic dResdReobiT eleqtroenergiis 47%-s qaris sadgurebidan iRebs. msoflioSi energiis 10% geoTermuli energiisgan miiReba. islandia, sadac zamTarSi mkacri pirobebia, gavarvarebul niadagsa da cecxlovan wyalze dgas, Sesabamisad, aq qveynis gaTbobis 87% da eleqtroenergiis 25% geoTermuli energiisgan miiReba. geoTermuli energia dRes msoflios 25-mde qveyanaSi gamoiyeneba. zRvebisa da okeanis talRebis moqceviT energiis warmoebis kargi potenciali aqvT safrangeTs, ingliss, kanadas da ruseTs, radganac energiis miRebis aRniSnuli saSualeba jer kidev ganviTarebis sawyis etapzea. msoflioSi arsebobs mxolod 2 komerciuli eletrosadguri, erTi ganTavsebulia safrangeTSi, meore – kanadaSi, aseve, erTi eqsperimentuli sadguri moqmedebs ruseTSi. biomasis energiis gamoyenebis mixedviT msoflioSi lideroben: aSS, brazilia, CineTi, germania, SvedeTi. meoce saukuneSi atomuri energiis gamoyeneba swrafad izrdeboda, magram msoflioSi momxdarma katastrofebma misi moxmareba Seamcira, Tumca ar aris gamoricxuli, momavalSi, usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis pirobebSi, misi moxmareba gaizardos, vinaidan igi, praqtikulad, energiis amouwuravi wyaroa. magaliTad, somxeTma gadawyvita, ganaaxlos atomuri eleqtrosadgurebiT eleqtroenergiis gamomuSaveba. metad sainteresoa energetikis ganviTarebis sinergiuli koncefcia, romelic iTvaliswinebs energiis saxeobaTa kombinirebul gamoyenebas, raTa miviRoT ufro meti energoefeqti, vidre maTi cal-calke gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi. SesaZlebelia ganvixiloT mze-qaris, mze-hidro, qari-hidro, mze-qari-hidro sinergetikuli eleqtrosadgurebi, aseve, qari-saTbobis sinergetikuli eleqtrosadgurebi. efeqti am SemTxvevaSi miiRweva imiT, rom energiis sxvadasxva saxeobis erTdroulad gamoyeneba avsebs im naklovanebas, rac energiis cal-calke gamoyenebas axlavs Tan. magaliTad, qaris eleqtrosadguri muSaobs mxolod maSin, rodesac qaria da es SesaZlebelia, srulebiTac ar emTxveodes eleqtroenergetikuli sistemis moTxovnas, asevea mzis eleqtrosadguric. maTi hidroakumulaciur eleqtrosadgurebTan erTdrouli gamoyeneba am naklovanebebs xsnis. Tumca ganaxlebadi energoresursebis efeqtianad gamoyenebas axlavs mTeli rigi sirTuleebi. upirvelesad is, rom isini araTanabradaa gadanawilebuli. magaliTad, amJamad mzis energiis udidesi mwarmoeblebi arian CineTi, germania, iaponia, italia, aSS, mzis koncentratebis mixedviT – espaneTi, aSS, alJiri, egvipte/maroko, avstralia. qaris energiis gamoyenebiT msoflio liderebi arian aSS, CineTi, germania, espaneTi, indoeTi, hidroenergiis gamoyenebis mixedviT – CineTi, brazilia, aSS, kanada, ruseTi. garda imisa, problemuria mopovebuli energiis Senaxva da am saqmeSi warmateba did Zalisxmevas moiTxovs. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom momavali ekuTvnis iseT warmoebas, romelic xasiaTdeba dabali energo da masalatevadobiT. am mimarTebiT yvelaze did rols aratradiciul energetikasTan erTad TamaSobs energodamzogi teqnologiebi, romelic orientirebulia produqciis energotevadobis Semcirebaze da rasac Sedegad mohyveba energoresursebis racionaluri gamoyeneba da bunebaSi gamotyorcnili mavne nivTierebebis raodenobis Semcireba. rogorc vxedavT, alternatiuli energoresursebis wyaroebi sakmaod mravalferovania, magram maTi gamoyeneba jerjerobiT mraval problemasTan aris dakavSirebuli, ris dasaZlevadac Tanamedrove civilizacia jer kidev ar aris mzad.
– aSS-is yofili prezidenti trampi `CrdiloeT nakad 2~-s ewinaaRmdegeboda da am mxriv garkveuli sanqciebic daawesa, magram amJamindeli TeTri saxlis administraciam, ase vTqvaT, am proeqts mwvane Suqi aunTo, ra aris amis mizezi?
– `CrdiloeTis nakadi-2~ gazsaden `CrdiloeTis nakadi-1~-is `tyupiscalia~, romelic 2012 wlidan amoqmedda. orive milsadeni gaTvlilia 55 miliardi kubmetri gazis miwodebaze, es evropaSi rusuli gazis mTliani eqsportis meoTxedze metia. proeqti Zalian momgebiania, magram aSkaraa, rom ruseTi mxolod ekonomikuri sargebliT dainteresebuli ar aris. axla rusuli gazi evropaSi ukrainis teritoriis gavliT xvdeba, xolo `CrdiloeTis nakadi-2~ ruseTs pirvelad srulad gaaTavisuflebs ukrainaze damokidebulebisagan. ruseTs evropaSi gahqonda 200 miliard kubmetrze odnav meti gazi. amasTan, ukrainis gavliT tranzitma 2018 wels 86 miliardi kubmetri Seadgina. es, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis gaTvliT, kievs daaxloebiT or miliard dolars aZlevs, anu qveynis mSp-s 2%-s; kidev 1%-s ukraina gazis deficitis gamo dakargavs – 2014 wlidan is formalurad ar yidulobs gazs ruseTisgan, magram evrokavSiris qveynebTan SeTanxmebiT, tranzitis nawils TavisTvis iyenebs. jerjerobiT, ruseTma evropas gazi ukrainis gavliT unda miawodos, magram 31 dekembers vada ewureba grZelvadian kontraqts, romelic moskovs amas avaldebulebs; mxareebs SeuZliaT (magram amis valdebuleba ar aqvT) axal kontraqtze SeTanxmdnen. swored am TariRisTvis gegmavs ruseTi ori milsadenis mSeneblobis dasrulebas. esenia, `CrdiloeTis nakadi-2~ da `Turquli nakadi~ (romelTa saerTo gamtaroba 30 miliard kubmetrs aWarbebs); erTad isini Tavisuflad faraven ukrainuli tranzitis mTlian moculobas. eqspertebi gamoyofen or sakiTxs: pirveli – aravin, garda Tavad ruseTisa, ar aris dainteresebuli imiT, rom ukraina gazis biznesidan srulad gairicxos. meorec, evropis gazis bazarze ruseTis wilze (axla is mTliani miwodebebis mesameds aWarbebs da izrdeba) pretenzia amerikis SeerTebul Statebs aqvs. amitom proeqti `CrdiloeTis nakadi-2~ miuRebelia rogorc aSS-isTvis, aseve evropis bevri qveynisaTvis. ukrainam araerTxel sTxova evrokavSirs proeqtis dablokva; mas mxars uWerdnen aRmosavleT evropis qveynebis umravlesoba da amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi. donald trampis xelisufleba emuqreboda proeqtis monawileebs sanqciebiT. yvela maTgani proeqts politikurs uwodebda da SeSfoTebuli iyvnen, rom evropa Zalian damokidebuli gaxdeboda ruseTis gazze, Sesabamisad, moskovi `energetikuli SantaJis~ berkets miiRebs. 2019 wlamde am proeqtSi ruseTis mokavSire mxolod germania iyo. 2019 wlis Tebervlis dasawyisSi germaniam SeZlo kompromisis miRweva safrangeTTan, romelic orWofobda. germaniis kancleri angela merkeli Seecada situaciis daregulirebas: ukrainas arwmunebda, rom ruseTi masTan tranzitTan dakavSirebul axal grZelvadian SeTanxmebas gaaformebda; amerikelebs dahpirda, rom evropa aSS-isgan met fiqlis gazs iyidis. swored es surda evrokavSirisgan donald tramps, romelmac evropis gaziT momaragebis piroba dado, Tu is ruseTTan TanamSromlobaze uars ityoda. Tumca evrokavSirs ar unda rusuli gazis nacvlad amerikuli fiqlis gazis SeZena. amerikuli fiqlis gazi rusul milsadenur gazze bevrad Zviria, amitom aSS eWvmitanilia imaSi, rom is ekonomikuri sargeblis misaRebad politikur situacias iyenebs. evrokavSiri aRiarebs, rom fiqlis gazis SeZena saWiroa, radgan is evropas ruseTze damokidebulebisagan aTavisuflebs, magram realurad aSS-s msxvil miwodebebze mxolod ramdenime qveyana moelaparaka, magaliTad poloneTi. danarCen SemTxvevaSi, aSS-dan gazs calkeuli kompaniebi Ria bazrebze yiduloben, rodesac rusuli gazi arasakmarisia. imavdroulad, 2015 wlidan evropa sul ufro met gazs moixmars, rac dakavSirebulia imasTan, rom evrokavSirSi Tboeleqtrosadgurebi masobrivad gadahyavT gazze. germaniisTvisac fasis sakiTxi politikaze ufro mniSvnelovania. sabolood, mimdinare wlis 21 ivliss germaniam da aSS-ma rusuli gazsadenis `CrdiloeTis nakadi-2~-is sakiTxze kompromisul SeTanxmebas miaRwies. SeTanxmebaSi mxareebi ukrainis mxardaWeris pirobas deben da acxadeben, rom ruseTis winaaRmdeg sanqciebi aucileblad dawesdeba, Tu is energoresurebis gamoyenebiT geopolitikuri gavlenis mopovebas Seecdeba. SeTanxmebis mixedviT, germania da aSS ukrainas miliard dolars gamouyofen. es Tanxa ukrainis energoseqtoris reformirebas moxmardeba. berlini aseve daniSnavs specialur warmomadgenels, romelic ruseTidan ukrainis gavliT bunebrivi airis tranzitis SeTanxmebis 10 wliT gaxangrZlivebis molaparakebebSi CaerTveba. saqme isaa, rom miuxedavad saudis arabeTis wamyvani poziciisa, energoresursebis bazarze ruseTis zegavlena Zalian didia. mimdinare wlis dasawyisidan oqtombris dasawyisamde gazze fasebi evropaSi rvajer gaizarda da 1000 kbm-ze 1950 dolars miaRwia. aris realuri varaudi, rom amis ukan ruseTi dgas. ruseTi zogjer SefarviT imuqreba kidec, rom fasebi kidev gaizrdeba Tu ar CairTveba `CrdiloeT nakadi-2~. didi albaTobiT swored yovelive amis gamo CaurTo TeTrma saxlma mwvane Suqi am proeqts.
– dRes saqarTveloSi azrTa sxvaobaa hesebis mSeneblobis gamo, ras ityviT amasTan dakavSirebiT?
– dReisaTvis msoflioSi gamoyenebuli energoresursebis udidesi nawili araganaxlebadia da garkveuli periodis Semdeg es resursi aRar iarsebebs. amdenad, dRis wesrigSi dgas alternatiuli energoresursebis Ziebis sakiTxi. es problema gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania saqarTvelosaTvis. Tanamedrove etapze energetikasTan dakavSirebiT mkacrad dgas ori umniSvnelovanesi problema: 1. energoresursebis amowurva, 2. energetikuli dabinZurebisagan garemos dacva. saqarTvelos bunebriv simdidreSi erT-erTi pirveli adgili uWiravs hidronergetikul resursebs. teritoriis erTeulze, hidroenergetikuli resursebis mixedviT, saqarTvelo erT-erTi pirvelia mTel msoflioSi.
wylis energiis gamoyenebas saqarTveloSi mravalsaukunovani istoria aqvs. miuxedavad amisa, hidroenergoresursebis gamoyenebis done saqarTveloSi dabalia. dReisaTvis igi Seadgens mTeli teqnikuri hidroenergetikuli potencialis mxolod 10-12 procents. maSin rodesac, magaliTad, iaponiaSi aTvisebulia hidroenergoresursebis 65%, italiaSi – 71%, SvedeTSi – 82,5%, safrangeTSi – 89,5%, SveicariaSi – 90%. bunebrivia, uari ar unda vTqvaT RvTis am wyalobaze da srulad unda aviTvisoT hidroenergetikuli resurs. dRes saqarTveloSi hesebis mSeneblobaSi azrTa sxvadasxvaoba gamoiwvia iman, rom an ar, an jerovnad ar gaiTvaliswines energetikasTan dakavSirebuli meore problema – ar gaTvales garemoze miyenebuli ziani da ar miiRes Sesabamisi zomebi, ramac saqarTvelos mosaxleobis, umetes SemTxvevaSi, samarTliani protesti gamoiwvia. ar damyarda jerovani komunikacia, an ar gaiTvaliswines im adamianebis sasicocxlo interesebi. romlebic dakavSirebuli arian im teritoriebTan, sadac axali hesebis mSenebloba daigegma, ar miewoda swori da sruli informacia. erTi sityviT, ar an ver daarwmunes adgilobrivi mosaxleoba aseTi mSeneblobebis sikeTeSi.
– `namaxvanhesis~ dablokva ra zians miayenebs qveyanas energetikuli damoukideblobis TvalsazrisiT?
– mTavroba ar daeloda garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis Sedegebs, mSeneblobis nebarTvas da 2019 wlis 25 aprils investorsa da saqarTvelos mTavrobas Soris gaformda kaskadis (zemo namaxvanis (100 mgvt) da qvemo namaxvanis (333 mgvt) proeqtis mSeneblobis, flobisa da operirebis xelSekruleba.
2019 wlis 21 noembris N 2405 mTavrobis gankargulebiT, Sps “enka riniueblzs” aRnagobis uflebiT da pirdapiri miyidvis formiT saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli miwa/qoneba gadaeca, romelic orive – zemo da qvemo “namaxvani hesebis” proeqtebis mSeneblobisTvis saWiro teritorias moicavda. mTavrobam kompanias daudo xelSekruleba da gadasca teritoria hesebis mSeneblobisaTvis, romelTa usafrTxoebaze, bunebriv da socialur garemoze zegavlenis masStabze da momgebianobaze jer informacia ar hqonda, vinaidan jer ar iyo dawyebuli kanoniT dadgenili gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesi, amiT mTavroba gaxda sakuTari gadawyvetilebebis mZevali, ramac ganapiroba is, rom rogorc garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba da masTan dakavSirebuli garemosdacviTi gadawyvetilebis (nebarTvis) gacemis, ise mSeneblobis nebarTvis gacemis procesi, warimarTa araobieqturad da kanondarRvevebiT.
gasaTvaliswinebelia is faqtic, rom saqarTvelos eleqtroenergetikul sistemis saimedoobis SesanaCuneblad generaciis agregatebis optimalur simZlavred 50 mgvt-ia miCneuli, Tumca, radganac saqarTvelos sistema gaerTianebuli didi sistemis nawili iyo, damontaJebulia 250 mgvt da ufro mZlavri agregatebi (engurhesi, me-9 bloki). aqedan gamomdinare, aseTi maRali simZlavris agregatebic dasaSvebia, rogorc gamonaklisi, Tumca naklebad aris sasurveli. rogorc cnobilia, `namaxvani hesebis~ kaskadis dagegmili simZlavrea – 433 mgvt; wliuri gamomuSaveba – 1513 mln. kvt/sT. ase rom, is yvelze didi proeqtia axali hesebis mSeneblobaSi, ris dablokvac im fonze, roca SeCerebulia 4,5 mlrd. saerTo Rirebulebis 84-mde energoproeqti, saqarTvelos realuri energosafrTxis winaSe ayenebs. garda amisa saqarTvelo kargavs 800-milionian investicias da am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT Tu saqme aRZra enkam, rasac aanonsebs, sxva finansur danakargebsac moutans qveyanas. amasTan, Seiryveva qveynis sainvesticio imiji.
– Tu hesebi ar aSendeba, qveyana energetikuli damoukideblobis dakargvis safrTxis winaSe aRmoCndeba, acxadeben analitikosebi, ras fiqrobT?
2019 wlis monacemebiT, saqarTveloSi energiis wliurma moxmarebam (danakargebis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe) daaxloebiT 192 aTasi terajouli Seadgina. moxmarebis ZiriTad birTvs bunebrivi gazi – 32%, navTobproduqtebi – 28% da eleqtroenergia – 21% Seadgenda. moTxovnis danarCen nawils qvanaxSiri, biosawvavi, geoTermuli da ganaxlebadi energiebis sxva wyaroebi avsebs. adgilobrivi resursebiT qveynis moxmarebis mxolod 34%-is dakmayofileba xdeba da es ZiriTadad, hidroenergetikaze modis (warmoebis 52%). rac Seexeba navTobproduqtebs, isini srulad importirebulia, xolo bunebriv airze moTxovnis mxolod 0.7%-is dakmayofilebaa SesaZlebeli adgilobrivi mopovebiT. gamokvlevebiT navaraudevia, rom saqarTveloSi energiis wliuri moxmareba 2026 wlisTvis mosalodnelia 44-90%-iT gaizardos da 231-305 aTas terajouls miaRwios. amave periodSi bunebrivi gazis moxmarebis zrdam SesaZloa 67-115% Seadginos, navTobproduqtebis – 28-30%, xolo eleqtroenergiis – 32-78%.
qveynis samomavlo ekonomikuri ganviTarebis perspeqtiva SesaZloa, Seferxdes warmoqmnili energodeficitis gamo, Tuki etapobrivad ar moxdeba qveynis Sida energetikuli resursebis optimaluri aTviseba.
saqarTvelo ar aris mdidari amowurvadi energoresursebiT. misi bunebrivi gazis sabadoebis resursebis (pirobiTi, perspeqtiuli da prognozuli) jamuri raodenoba 4 mlrd. m3-s Sedgens. navTobis, misi pirobiTi, perspeqtiuli da prognozuli resursebis jamuri raodenoba -daaxloebiT 600 mln.t-s (4.5 mlrd. bareli). saqarTveloSi farTod aris gavrcelebuli fiqlebi, Tumca Catarebuli zedapiruli kvlevebis analizi aCvenebs, rom saqarTveloSi gamovlenili fiqlebis formaciebi ver CaiTvleba komerciuli navTobSemcveli fiqlebis formaciebad, ufro perspeqtiulad gazis warmoebisaTvis gamoiyureba. Tumca am mxriv saWiroa damatebiT kvlevebis Catareba. mcired aris Seswavlili gazhidratebis resursi. qvanaxSiris samrewvelo maragebis saerTo raodenoba daxloebiT 372 mln. tonas Seadgens. saqarTveloSi moqmedi 5 Tboeleqtrosadguris jamuri dadgmuli simZlavre Seadgens 924 mgvt-s – qveynis mTliani dadgmuli simZlavris 25%-s. aqedan 2 Tbosadguri (jamuri dadgmuli simZlavriT – 570 mgvt) moralurad da fizikurad moZvelebulia.
rogorc vxedavT, saqarTveloSi araganaxlebadi energoresursebis maragi arc Tu ise didia. Cveni qveynis energetikul resursebs Soris pirveli adgili hidroenergoresursebs ukavia. qveynis teritoriaze arsebuli 26 060 mdinaridan energetikuli RirebulebiT gamoirCeva 300 mdinare, romelTa saSualo wliuri potenciuri simZlavre 15 aTasi megavatis, xolo saSualo wliuri energia 50 mlrd kvt. saaTis ekvivalenturia. qveynis ZiriTad mdinareTa ekonomikurad mizanSewonili wliuri potenciali daaxloebiT 40 miliardi kvt.sT-iTaa Sefasebuli. amave monacemebis gaTvaliswinebiT, saqarTvelos hidropotencialis ekonomikurad gamarTlebuli nawilis daaxloebiT 20%-ia (2.8 aTas mgvt-mde) aTvisebuli. arsebuli hidroeleqtrosadgurebis didi nawili moZvelebulia da efeqtianobis asamaRleblad modernizebas saWiroebs.
eleqtroenergiis moxmarebis yovelwliuri zrdis arsebuli tendenciis SenarCunebis pirobebSi, axali sadgurebis araSenebis an arasakmarisi mSeneblobis SemTxvevaSi, gaizrdeba eleqtroenergiis jamuri moxmarebis moculobaSi importis wili, rac uaryofiTad aisaxeba qveynis energousafrTxoebaze. gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom importirebul eleqtroenergiaSi yvelaze maRal wils ruseTidan importi Seadgens (wliurad saSualod – 82%), Semdeg modis azerbaijani (12%), xolo yvelaze mcirea TurqeTidan da somxeTidan ganxorcielebuli importis wili (5% da 1% Sesabamisad). garda amisa, importirebuli eleqtroenergiis fasi sakmaod maRalia da misi Semdgomi zrdis maCvenebeli – araprognozirebadi. amasTan, mezobel qveynebSi eleqtroenergiis moxmarebis zrdis SemTxvevaSi, risi tendenciac ukve fiqsirdeba, kiTxvis niSnis qveS dadgeba Cveni qveynis eleqtroenergiis moxmarebis importiT uzrunvelyofis sakiTxi.
axali eleqtrosadgurebis mSenebloba SesaZlebels gaxdis, gaizardos eleqtroenergiis wili energetikul balansSi, Semcirdes importze damokidebuleba da Seiqmnas mezobel sistemebTan integraciis meti SesaZlebloba, rogorc Warbi sezonuri energiis gatanis, aseve pikis saaTebSi warmoSobili datvirTvis cvalebadi nawilis dafarvisTvis.
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania generaciis iseTi obieqtebis amoqmedeba, romlebic energiis akumulirebis saSualebas iZleva da amcirebs Semodgoma-zamTris periodSi importze damokidebulebas, amasTan, zrdis mzis da qaris eleqtrosadgurebis sistemaSi integrirebis SesaZleblobebs. am mxriv, strategiuli mniSvnelobis obieqtebad miCneulia: xudonhesi (dadgmuli simZlavre – 702 mgvt; wliuri gamomuSaveba – 1500 mln. kvt.sT); nenskra hesi – (dadgmuli simZlavre – 280 mgvt; wliuri gamomuSaveba – 1200 mln. kvt.sT); namaxvan hesebis kaskadi (dadgmuli simZlavre – 433 mgvt; wliuri gamomuSaveba – 1513 mln. kvt.sT).
aRniSnuli hidroeleqtrosadgurebis mSenebloba qveyanas 1415 mgvt dadgmul simZlavres da wliurad 4213 mln. kvt.sT eleqtroenergias Sematebs, rac amJamindeli mTliani warmoebis daaxloebiT 39%-ia.
– samxedro politikuri simwvaviT is regionebia gamorCeuli, sadac energetikuli maragis meti wilia Tavmoyrili, aseT regionebze kontrolis mopovebisTvis brZola sanamde SeiZleba mivides?
– cnobilia, rom dRes msoflio gacilebiT met energoresursebs moixmars, vidre adre moixmarda da es tendencia kvlavac gagrZeldeba. amasTan, nebismieri qveynis ganviTareba mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli energoresursebze, amitom ama Tu im qveynis usafrTxoeba pirdapir kavSirSia energousafrTxoebasTan. es procesi TandaTanobiT ufro mwvave xasiaTs Rebulobs da arc aris gasakviri Tu msoflios politikuri daZabulobis epicentrSi eqcevian energoresursebiT mdidari qveynebi. ra Tqma unda, kacobrioba eZebs alternatiul gzebs da energetikis axal wyaroebs, aqcenti gansakuTrebiT, ganaxlebad energoresursebze keTdeba, magram msoflios ekonomikuri ganviTarebis tempi mniSvnelovnad CamorCeba energetikis axali wyaroebis amoqmedebas. me optimisturad var ganwyobili da vfiqrob, SeZleben energomimwodebeli da energomomxmarebeli qveynebi konsesusis miRwevas, paralelurad, mecnierul-teqnikuri progresi SeZlebs alternatiuli resursebis amoqmedebasac.